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Independence
- End of British League of Nations mandate
25 May 1946
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Population
- July 2008 estimate 6,198,677 (110th)
- July 2004 census 5,611,202
- Density 64/km² (131st)
166/sq mi
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[IMG]http://jj.am/gallery/d/38172-1/oh****4chan.jpg[/IMG]
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nearly at 500 for the month
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In sociology and biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular species. A population shares a particular characteristic of interest most often that of living in a given geographic area. In taxonomy population is a low-level taxonomic rank.
Human populations can be defined by many characteristics such as mortality, migration, family (marriage and divorce), public health, work and the labor force, and family planning. Various aspects of human behavior in populations are also studied in sociology, economics, and geography.
Study of populations is almost always governed by the laws of probability, and the conclusions of the studies may thus not always be applicable to some individuals. This odd factor may be reduced by statistical means, but such a generalization may be too vague to imply anything. Demography is used extensively in marketing, which relates to economic units, such as retailers, to potential customers. For example, a coffee shop that wants to sell to a younger audience looks at the demographics of an area to be able to appeal to this younger audience.
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Sociology (from Latin: socius, "companion"; and the suffix -ology, "the study of", from Greek λόγος, lógos, "knowledge" [1]) is the scientific or systematic study of society, including patterns of social relations, social stratification, social interaction, and culture[2]. Areas studied in sociology range from the analysis of brief contacts between anonymous individuals on the street to the study of global social interaction. Numerous fields within the discipline concentrate on how and why people are organized in society, either as individuals or as members of associations, groups, and institutions. Sociology is considered a branch of the social sciences.
Sociological research provides educators, planners, lawmakers, administrators, developers, business leaders, and people interested in resolving social problems and formulating public policy with rationales for the actions that they take.
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Ricard "Ricky" Rubio Vives (born October 21, 1990 in El Masnou, Barcelona) is a Spanish professional basketball player. Considered a child prodigy in basketball, Rubio became the youngest player ever to play in the Spanish ACB League, which is considered by some to be the top domestic league in Europe,[1][2] on October 15, 2005.[3] The 1.92-metre (6 ft 3.6 in)-tall Rubio is playing the point guard position for Joventut Badalona in both the ACB and the Euroleague, which is regarded as the world's top professional club annual basketball competition outside of the NBA.
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1512 - Martin Luther joins the theological faculty of the University of Wittenberg.
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# 1520 - Ferdinand Magellan discovers a strait now known as Strait of Magellan.
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1600 - Tokugawa Ieyasu defeats the leaders of rival Japanese clans in the Battle of Sekigahara, which marks the beginning of the Tokugawa shogunate, who in effect rule Japan until the mid-nineteenth century.
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1774 - First display of the word "Liberty" on a flag, raised by colonists in Taunton, Massachusetts and which was in defiance of British rule in Colonial America.
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1797 - In Boston Harbor, the 44-gun United States Navy frigate USS Constitution is launched.
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1805 - Napoleonic Wars: Battle of Trafalgar: A British fleet led by Admiral Lord Nelson defeats a combined French and Spanish fleet off the coast of Spain under Admiral Villeneuve. It signalled the virtual end of French maritime power and left Britain navally unchallenged until the twentieth century.
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1805 - Napoleonic Wars: Austrian General Mack surrenders his army to the Grand Army of Napoleon at Ulm, reaping Napoleon over 30,000 prisoners and inflicting 10,000 casualties on the losers. Ulm was considered to be one of Napoleon's finest hours.
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1816 - The Penang Free School is founded in George Town, Penang, Malaysia, by the Rev Hutchings. It is the oldest English-language school in Southeast Asia.
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1824 - Joseph Aspdin patents Portland cement.
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1854 - Florence Nightingale and a staff of 38 nurses were sent to the Crimean War.
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1861 - American Civil War: Battle of Ball's Bluff - Union forces under Colonel Edward Baker are defeated by Confederate troops in the second major battle of the war. Baker, a close friend of Abraham Lincoln, is killed in the fighting.
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# 1867 - Manifest Destiny: Medicine Lodge Treaty - Near Medicine Lodge, Kansas a landmark treaty is signed by southern Great Plains Indian leaders. The treaty requires Native American Plains tribes to relocate a reservation in western Oklahoma.
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1879 - Using a filament of carbonized thread, Thomas Edison tests the first practical electric incandescent light bulb (it lasted 13½ hours before burning out).
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1892 - Opening ceremonies for the World's Columbian Exposition were held in Chicago, though because construction was behind schedule, the exposition did not open until May 1, 1893.
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1895 - The Republic of Formosa collapses as Japanese forces invade.
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# 1902 - In the United States, a five month strike by United Mine Workers ends.
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1921 - President Warren G. Harding delivers the first speech by a sitting President against lynching in the deep south.
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1941 - 7000 Serbs were shot in Kragujevac, Serbia by Nazi Germans.
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1944 - The first kamikaze attack: HMAS Australia was hit by a Japanese plane carrying a 200 kg (441 pound) bomb off Leyte Island, as the Battle of Leyte Gulf began.
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1945 - Women's suffrage: Women are allowed to vote in France for the first time.
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1945 - Argentine military officer and politician Juan Perón married actress Evita.
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1959 - In New York City, the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum opens to the public. It was designed by Frank Lloyd Wright.
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1965 - Comet Ikeya-Seki approaches perihelion, passing 450,000 kilometers from the sun.
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1966 - Aberfan disaster: A coal tip falls on the village of Aberfan in Wales, killing 144 people, mostly schoolchildren.
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1967 - Vietnam War: More than 100,000 war protesters gather in Washington, DC. A peaceful rally at the Lincoln Memorial is followed by a march to The Pentagon and clashes with soldiers and United States Marshals protecting the facility (event lasts until October 23; 683 people were arrested). Similar demonstrations occurred simultaneously in Japan and Western Europe.
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1969 - A coup d'état in Somalia brings Siad Barre to power.
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1973 - John Paul Getty III's ear is cut off by his kidnappers and sent to a newspaper in Rome; it doesn't arrive until November 8.
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1973 - Fred Dryer of the then Los Angeles Rams becomes the first player in NFL history to score two safeties in the same game.
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1977 - The European Patent Institute is founded.
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1978 - Australian civilian pilot Frederick Valentich vanishes in a Cessna 182 over the Bass Strait south of Melbourne, after reporting contact with an unidentified aircraft.
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1983 - The metre is defined at the seventeenth General Conference on Weights and Measures in terms of the speed of light as the distance light travels in a vacuum in 1/299,792,458 of a second.
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1986 - In Lebanon, pro-Iranian kidnappers claim to have abducted American writer Edward Tracy (he was released in August 1991).
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# 1990 - The first Apple Day, is held in Covent Garden, London.
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1994 - North Korea nuclear weapons program: North Korea and the United States sign an agreement that requires North Korea to stop its nuclear weapons program and agree to inspections.
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1994 - In Seoul, 32 people are killed when the Seongsu Bridge collapses.
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1995 - Dayton Agreement The General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
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2001 - "United We Stand" benefit concert for September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks victims, held at RFK Stadium in Washington, DC. Event organized and headlined by Michael Jackson, also featuring pop stars Aerosmith, Mariah Carey, The Backstreet Boys, and others.
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2003 - Images of the dwarf planet Eris are taken and subsequently used in its discovery by the team of Michael E. Brown, Chad Trujillo, and David L. Rabinowitz.
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Eris (pronounced /ˈɪərɪs/, also /ˈɛrɪs/ as in Greek Έρις),[7] formally designated 136199 Eris and prior to that 2003 UB313 (see minor planet names), is the largest known dwarf planet in the Solar System and the ninth largest body known to orbit the Sun directly. It is approximately 2,500 kilometres in diameter and 27% more massive than Pluto.[8][5]
Eris was first spotted in 2003 by a Palomar Observatory-based team led by Mike Brown but not identified until 2005. It is a trans-Neptunian object (TNO) native to a region of space beyond the Kuiper belt known as the scattered disc. Eris has one moon, Dysnomia; recent observations have found no evidence of further satellites. The current distance from the Sun is 96.7 AU, roughly three times that of Pluto. With the exception of some comets the pair are the most distant known natural objects in the Solar System.[9]
Because Eris is larger than Pluto, its discoverers and NASA called it the Solar system’s tenth planet. This, along with the prospect of other similarly sized objects being discovered in the future, motivated the International Astronomical Union (IAU) to define the term "planet" for the first time. Under a new definition approved on August 24, 2006, Eris is a "dwarf planet" along with Pluto, Ceres, and Makemake.[10]
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The pronunciation of English words in Wikipedia is most often given in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). The goal is that interpretation should not depend on the reader's dialect, and therefore a broad transcription is generally used.
For a more complete key to the IPA, which covers sounds that do not occur in English, see Help:IPA.
Since this key accommodates standard American, British, and Australian pronunciations, not all of the distinctions shown here will be relevant to your dialect. If, for example, you pronounce cot and caught the same, you can ignore the difference between the symbols /ɒ/ and /ɔː/. In many dialects /r/ occurs only before a vowel; if you speak such a dialect, simply ignore /r/ in the pronunciation guides where you would not pronounce it.
On the other hand, this key does not encode the difference between the vowels of bad and lad in Australian English, nor between those in fir, fur, and fern in Scottish English, as those distinctions are seldom made in Wikipedia articles.
The IPA stress mark (ˈ) comes before the syllable that has the stress, in contrast to some other methods of describing pronunciation used in English dictionaries.
For a more precise use of the IPA to illustrate differences between English dialects, to transcribe languages other than English, or if the IPA symbols are not displayed on your browser, see the links in the box to the right and at the bottom of this page.
Key
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James Edward Kelly (born February 14, 1960 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania[1][2][3]) is a former American football quarterback in the NFL for the Buffalo Bills.
Kelly was drafted in the 1983 NFL Draft, rated just behind John Elway on at least one NFL draft list. Employing the K-Gun offense known for its hurry up shotgun formations and used by later teams like Peyton Manning's Indianapolis Colts and leading one of the great NFL scoring juggernauts in the Buffalo Bills, Kelly led the Bills to four consecutive Super Bowls in 1990, 1991, 1992, and 1993, though the Bills lost all four of them. In 2002, in his first year of eligibility, he was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame.
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# 2008 - Northern Illinois University shooting: a gunman opened fire in a lecture hall of the DeKalb County, Illinois university resulting in 24 casualties; 6 fatalities (including gunman) and 18 injured.
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The Northern Illinois University shooting was an incident that took place on February 14, 2008, during which a gunman shot multiple people on the campus of Northern Illinois University in DeKalb, Illinois, killing six and wounding eighteen.
The incident happened on the campus's Cole Hall at approximately 3:05 p.m. local time.[3] The school placed the campus on lockdown; students and teachers were advised to head to a secure location, take cover, and avoid the scene and all buildings in the vicinity of the area.[4] Six people died in the incident, including the perpetrator, making it the fourth-deadliest university shooting in United States history, after the Virginia Tech massacre, the University of Texas Clock Tower shooting, and the California State University, Fullerton library massacre.[5][6]
After the incident, the university administration cancelled all classes until February 25.
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Northern Illinois University (NIU) is a public university located in DeKalb, Illinois. It was founded on May 22, 1895 by Illinois Governor John P. Altgeld as a satellite campus for what is now Illinois State University. The DeKalb campus was originally called Northern Illinois State Normal School. Today named Northern Illinois University, it is an independent public university and has grown larger than its parent school with a student enrollment of more than 25,000.[1] NIU is a member of the National Association of State Universities and Land-Grant Colleges[2] and is the second largest university in the state of Illinois after University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign. NIU's main campus is located approximately 65 miles (104 km) west of Chicago. The university has satellite centers in Hoffman Estates, Naperville, Rockford, and Oregon.
Over the past three decades NIU has undergone tremendous expansion, including the addition of its College of Law in 1979. Today, the university is composed of seven degree-granting colleges that together offer 54 undergraduate and 74 graduate programs, as well as 12 doctoral programs. Consequently, NIU has been recognized by U.S. News & World Report as a "National University" (a school conducting significant research and awarding degrees up to the doctoral level)[3] in its fourth-tier rankings—i.e., within the lower 25 percent of schools in the National University category.[4][5][6][7]
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DeKalb is a city in DeKalb County, Illinois, United States. The population was 39,018 at the 2000 census. The city's name (as well as the name of DeKalb County, where it is located) is IPA: /dɨˈkælb/ "di-KALB" with the L sound, unlike similarly spelled locations where the L is silent, such as DeKalb County, Georgia. The city is named after decorated German war hero Johann De Kalb who gave his life for American Independence during the American Revolutionary War.
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DeKalb County is a county located in the U.S. state of Illinois. In 2000, the population was 88,969. As of 2007, the population is estimated at 103,729. Its county seat is Sycamore, Illinois[1]. DeKalb County is part of the Chicago metropolitan statistical area.
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A county is generally a sub-unit of regional self-government within a larger jurisdiction.
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[IMG]http://jj.am/gallery/d/38130-1/filenamesmother****er.jpg[/IMG]
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James was the most common male name in the United States in 1990.[1] Likewise, in Northern Ireland, the name has appeared among the 10 most popular for the last quarter of the 20th Century and into the 21st.[2]
"James" is derived from the same Hebrew name as Jacob, meaning "holds the heel" (in the Genesis narrative, Jacob was born grasping Esau's heel and later bought his birthright).
The name came into English language from the French variation of Gemmes of the Late Latin name Iacomus, a dialect variant of Iacobus, from the New Testament Greek Ἰάκωβος (Iakōbos), from Hebrew word יעקב (Yaʻaqov). Cognates include Jacob. The development Iacobus > Iacomus is likely a result of nasalization of the o and assimilation to the following b (i.e., intermediate *Iacombus) followed by simplification of the cluster mb through loss of the b.
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The Horse (馬) is the seventh of the 12 animals which appear in the Chinese zodiac related to the Chinese calendar. The Year of the Horse is associated with the earthly branch symbol 午.
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41 - After a night of negotiation, Claudius is accepted as Roman Emperor by the Senate.
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1327 - Edward III becomes King of England.
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1494 - Alfonso II becomes King of Naples.
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1533 - Henry VIII of England secretly marries his second wife Anne Boleyn.
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São Paulo ([sɐ̃ʊ̯̃ ˈpaʊ̯lʊ] (help·info)) is the capital of the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The city is the largest in Brazil and first in South America by population. [1] It is located in the South East of the country. It is also the richest city of Brazil. The name means Saint Paul in Portuguese. The city has an area of 1,523 square kilometres (588 sq mi)[2] and a population of 10,990,000,[3] which makes it the most populous in Brazil, in South America and in the southern hemisphere. [4] Greater São Paulo, which includes adjacent municipalities, has a population close to 20 million, making it the second largest in the Americas, and one of the largest metropolitan areas in the world.[5]
People from the city of São Paulo are known as paulistanos, while paulistas designates anyone from the whole of São Paulo state, including the paulistanos. The city's Latin motto is Non ducor, duco, which translates as "I am not led, I lead". A famous nickname for the city is "Sampa". São Paulo is also known for its unreliable weather, the sheer size of its helicopter fleet, architecture and multitude of skyscrapers.[6] The São Paulo/Guarulhos International Airport connects São Paulo with many Brazilian cities and also operates international flights.
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A capital is the area of a country, province, region, or state, regarded as enjoying primary status; it is almost always the city which physically encompasses the offices and meeting places of the seat of government and fixed by law, but there are a number of exceptions. Alternate terms include capital city and political capital; the latter phrase has a second meaning based on an alternative sense of "capital".
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The seat of government is the location of the government for a political entity. The seat of government is usually located in the capital. In some countries the seat of government differs from the capital, e.g. in the Netherlands where The Hague is the seat of government and Amsterdam is the Capital of the Netherlands.
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Australia
The seat of government and national capital is Canberra in the Australian Capital Territory, a territory excised from New South Wales in accordance with the Constitution and the Seat of Government Act of 1908. However, until 1927 the de facto capital was Melbourne.
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United States
The seat of government of the United States was established by the United States Constitution in article I, section 8, clause 17:
The Congress shall have power ... to exercise exclusive Legislation in all Cases whatsoever, over such District (not exceeding ten Miles square) as may, by Cession of particular States, and the Acceptance of Congress, become the Seat of the Government of the United States, and to exercise like Authority over all Places purchased by the Consent of the Legislature of the State in which the Same shall be, for the Erection of Forts, Magazines, Arsenals, dock-Yards, and other needful buildings; ...
The seat of government of the United States has been in Washington, D.C. since 1800. Before 1800, Congress met in eight different locations.
Other seats of governments:
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A state is a political association with effective sovereignty over a geographic area and representing a population. These may be nation states, sub-national states or multinational states. A state usually includes the set of institutions that claim the authority to make the rules that govern the exercise of coercive violence for the people of the society in that territory, though its status as a state often depends in part on being recognized by a number of other states as having internal and external sovereignty over it. In sociology, the state is normally identified with these institutions: in Max Weber's influential definition, it is that organization that "(successfully) claims a monopoly on the legitimate use of physical force within a given territory," which may include the armed forces, civil service or state bureaucracy, courts, and police.
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