|
-
-
The Blessed Virgin Mary, sometimes shortened to The Blessed Virgin or The Virgin Mary, is a traditional title used by most Christians and most specifically used by liturgical Christians such as Roman Catholics, Anglicans, Eastern Orthodox and Eastern Catholics, and some others to describe Mary, the mother of Jesus Christ.
Since the first century, devotion to the Virgin Mary has been a major element of the spiritual life of a vast number of Christians. From the Council of Ephesus in 431 to Vatican II and Pope John Paul II's Redemptoris Mater encyclical, the Virgin Mary has become to be seen, not only as the Mother of God but also as the Mother of the Church, a Mediatrix who intercedes to Jesus Christ and even a proposed Co-Redemptrix.
The key role of the Virgin Mary in the beliefs of many Christians, her veneration, and the growth of Mariology have not only come about by the Marian writings of the saints or official statements but have often been driven from the ground up, from the masses of believers, and at times via reported Marian apparitions, miracles and healings.
-
-
-
4905 Hiromi (1991 JM1) is a Main-belt Asteroid discovered on May 15, 1991 by Takahashi and Watanabe at Kitami.
-
The asteroid belt is the region of the Solar System located roughly between the orbits of the planets Mars and Jupiter. It is occupied by numerous irregularly shaped bodies called asteroids or minor planets. The asteroid belt region is also termed the main belt to distinguish it from other concentrations of minor planets within the Solar System, such as the Kuiper belt and scattered disk.
More than half the mass within the main belt is contained in the four largest objects: Ceres, 4 Vesta, 2 Pallas, and 10 Hygiea. All of these have mean diameters of more than 400 km, while Ceres, the main belt's only dwarf planet, is about 950 km in diameter.[1][2][3][4] The remaining bodies range down to the size of a dust particle. The asteroid material is so thinly distributed that multiple unmanned spacecraft have traversed it without incident. Nonetheless, collisions between large asteroids do occur, and these can form an asteroid family whose members have similar orbital characteristics and compositions. Collisions also produce a fine dust that forms a major component of the zodiacal light. Individual asteroids within the main belt are categorized by their spectra, with most falling into three basic groups: carbonaceous (C-type), silicate (S-type), and metal-rich (M-type).
The asteroid belt formed from the primordial solar nebula as a group of planetesimals, the smaller precursors of the planets. Between Mars and Jupiter, however, gravitational perturbations from the giant planet imbued the planetesimals with too much orbital energy for them to accrete into a planet. Collisions became too violent, and instead of sticking together, the planetesimals shattered. As a result, most of the main belt's mass has been lost since the formation of the Solar System. Some fragments can eventually find their way into the inner Solar System, leading to meteorite impacts with the inner planets. Asteroid orbits continue to be appreciably perturbed whenever their period of revolution about the Sun forms an orbital resonance with Jupiter. At these orbital distances, a Kirkwood gap occurs as they are swept into other orbits.
-
Kirkwood gaps are gaps or dips in the distribution of main belt asteroids with semi-major axis (or equivalently their orbital period), as seen in the histogram below. They correspond to the location of orbital resonances with Jupiter.
Kirkwood gaps
Kirkwood gaps
For example, there are very few asteroids with semimajor axis near 2.50 AU, period 3.95 years, which would make three orbits for each orbit of Jupiter (hence, called the 3:1 orbital resonance). Other orbital resonances correspond to orbital periods whose lengths are simple fractions of Jupiter's. The weaker resonances lead only to a depletion of asteroids, while spikes in the histogram are often due to the presence of a prominent asteroid family.
The gaps were first noticed in 1857 by Daniel Kirkwood, who also correctly explained their origin in the orbital resonances with Jupiter.
More recently, a relatively small number of asteroids have been found to possess high eccentricity orbits which do lie within the Kirkwood gaps. Examples include the Alinda family and the Griqua family. These orbits slowly increase their eccentricity on a timescale of tens of millions of years, and will eventually break out of the resonance due to close encounters with a major planet.
The most prominent Kirkwood gaps (see diagram) are located at mean orbital radii of:
* 2.06 AU (4:1 resonance)
* 2.5 AU (3:1 resonance), home to the Alinda family of asteroids
* 2.82 AU (5:2 resonance)
* 2.95 AU (7:3 resonance)
* 3.27 AU (2:1 resonance), home to the Griqua family of asteroids
Weaker and/or narrower gaps are also found at:
* 1.9 AU (9:2 resonance)
* 2.25 AU (7:2 resonance)
* 2.33 AU (10:3 resonance)
* 2.71 AU (8:3 resonance)
* 3.03 AU (9:4 resonance)
* 3.075 AU (11:5 resonance)
* 3.47 AU (11:6 resonance)
* 3.7 AU (5:3 resonance)
-
The Alinda asteroids are a group of asteroids with a semi-major axis of about 2.5 AU and an orbital eccentricity approximately between 0.4 and 0.65. The namesake is 887 Alinda, discovered by Max Wolf in 1918.
These objects are held in this region by the 1:3 orbital resonance with Jupiter, which results in them being close to a 4:1 resonance with Earth. An object in this resonance has its orbital eccentricity steadily increased by gravitational interactions with Jupiter until it eventually has a close encounter with an inner planet that breaks the resonance.
Some Alindas have perihelia very close to Earth's orbit, resulting in a series of close encounters at almost exactly four-year intervals, due to the 4:1 near resonance.
One consequence of this is that if an Alinda asteroid happens to be in an unfavorable position for viewing at the time of its close approach to Earth (for instance, at a small elongation from the Sun), then this situation can persist for decades. Indeed, as of 2004, the Alinda asteroids 3360 Syrinx and 1915 Quetzálcoatl had not been observed since 1985, and 2608 Seneca had not been observed since 1994.
Another consequence is that some of these asteroids make repeated relatively close approaches to Earth, making them good subjects for study by Earth-based radar. Examples are 4179 Toutatis and 6489 Golevka.
-
4179 Toutatis/1989 AC (pronounced /tuːˈtɑːtɨs/ too-taa'-tis) is an Apollo, Alinda, and Mars-crosser asteroid with a chaotic orbit produced by a 3:1 resonance with the planet Jupiter. Due to its very low orbital inclination (0.47°) and its orbital period of very nearly 4 years, Toutatis makes frequent close approaches to Earth, with a currently minimum possible distance (Earth MOID) of just 0.006 AU (2.3 times as far as the Moon).[1] The approach on September 29, 2004 was particularly close, at 0.0104 AU (within 4 lunar distances) from Earth, presenting a good opportunity for observation. The next close approach will be 0.0502 AU on November 9, 2008 at 12:23 UTC.[2]
Its rotation combines two separate periodic motions into a non-periodic result; to someone on the surface of Toutatis the Sun would seem to rise and set in apparently random locations and at random times at the asteroid's horizon.
It was first sighted on February 10, 1934 as object 1934 CT and then promptly lost. It was recovered on January 4, 1989 by Christian Pollas and was named after the Celtic god Toutatis/Teutates, known to popular culture as Astérix's village-god.
Radar imagery has shown that Toutatis is a highly irregular body consisting of two distinct "lobes", with maximum widths of about 4.6 km and 2.4 km respectively. It is hypothesized that Toutatis formed from two originally separate bodies which coalesced at some point, with the resultant asteroid being compared to a "rubble pile".
-
Quote:
GARY, Ind. (AP) - The pizzas were frozen, but they also were hot. Indiana State police have arrested a Hammond, Indiana, truck driver after he tried to sell more than 13 tons of Stouffer's frozen pizzas that he was supposed to transport from a Chicago-area pizza company to Utah. After 38-year-year-old Anthony Herbert Lee ran into motor trouble and realized he wouldn't be able to make the delivery, he contacted a salvage company and tried to sell his cargo. The salvage company smelled something wrong, contacted Indiana State Police, and a detective nabbed him at a Gary truck garage. It turns out Lee was wanted on a 10-year-old warrant out of Hobart for larceny. He's being held at the Lake County Jail. The refrigerated trailer has been located and the pizzas recovered.
:laugh:..................
|
» Site Navigation
» Friends
» Sponsors
|
