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46 BC - Titus Labienus defeats Julius Caesar in the Battle of Ruspina.

Titus Labienus (ca. 100 BC–March 17, 45 BC) was a professional Roman soldier in the late Roman Republic. He served as Tribune of the Plebs in 63 BC, and is remembered as one of Julius Caesar's lieutenants, mentioned frequently in the accounts of his military campaigns. He was the father of Quintus Labienus.

45 BC - In his last victory, Julius Caesar defeats the Pompeian forces of Titus Labienus and Pompey the Younger in the Battle of Munda.

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1256 - The Augustinian monastic order is constituted at the Lecceto Monastery when Pope Alexander IV issues a papal bull Licet ecclesiae catholicae.

May 4 - Pope Alexander IV issues the papal bull Licet ecclesiae catholicae, constituting the Augustinian monastic order at Lecceto Monastery.

Pope Alexander IV (1199 or ca. 1185 – May 25, 1261) was Pope from 1254 until his death.

Born as Rinaldo di Jenne, a native of Jenne, near Anagni, he was, on his mother's side, a member of the de' Conti di Segni family, the counts of Segni, like Pope Innocent III (1198 - 1216) and Pope Gregory IX (1227 - 1241). His uncle, Pope Gregory IX made him Cardinal Deacon and Protector of the Order of Franciscans in 1227, Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church in 1229 and Bishop of Ostia in 1231 (or 1232). He became Dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals in 1244 (or in 1240). On the death of Pope Innocent IV (1243 - 1254) he was elected Pope at Naples on December 12, 1254.

March 25 - King Richard I of England is shot in the left shoulder with a crossbow by French boy Pierre Basile. Richard is not mortally wounded by the bolt; however, the wound results in gangrene.

1306 - Robert the Bruce becomes King of Scotland.

May - Hugh the younger Despenser, favourite of King Edward II of England, is married to heiress Eleanor de Clare.